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Applied AI26 October 20266 min read

LLMOps: running AI in production, covering cost, monitoring and versioning

LLMOps is the operational side of language-model applications: keeping them reliable, affordable and improvable once real users depend on them. Much of it is ordinary operations with a few new failure modes.

In this post
  1. What to monitor
  2. What to version
  3. Controlling cost
  4. Change safely
  5. Sources and further reading

What to monitor

  • Latency and error rates, as with any service.
  • Token use and cost per request and per feature.
  • Quality signals: user feedback, refusals, retries, escalations.
  • Drift: answer quality changing after a model or data change.

What to version

  • Prompts and prompt templates.
  • The model and its settings.
  • The retrieval index and its source data.
  • The evaluation set.

Controlling cost

  • Use the smallest model that passes your evals.
  • Cache repeated work.
  • Trim the context you send.
  • Set per-user and per-feature limits.

Change safely

Treat a model upgrade as a release: run the eval set, roll out to a small share first, compare, and keep a way back. Log enough to reproduce a bad answer, while keeping personal data out of logs that do not need it.

Sources and further reading

  1. Google Cloud. “MLOps: Continuous delivery and automation pipelines in machine learning.” cloud.google.com/architecture.

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